Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences

EFFECT OF HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS AND SUCCINIC ACID ON MALOLACTIC FERMENTATION OF WHITE AND RED WINES

Božena Průšová — 2026-08-18

This study evaluates the potential of selected organic acids (ferulic, caffeic, coumaric, and succinic) to inhibit malolactic fermentation in white and red wines. Antimicrobial activity against Oenococcus oeni, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus brevis was assessed using growth curves and disk diffusion methods, followed by validation in real wine microsamples. While in vitro growth curves established a baseline inhibitory concentration of 5 g‧L⁻¹, testing in real wine matrices revealed that synergistic factors (lower pH and ethanol content) significantly reduce the required effective dose. The tested bacteria exhibited distinct sensitivity profiles: O. oeni was most effectively suppressed by ferulic and caffeic acids, whereas L. brevis was highly susceptible to caffeic and coumaric acids. Conversely, succinic acid provided the strongest inhibition against L. plantarum. These species-specific trends were generally confirmed by the disk diffusion method. Furthermore, in white wine microsamples, suppression was successfully demonstrated across all tested concentrations. In contrast, red wine trials exhibited a more significant dose-dependent response, where the inhibition of malolactic activity strictly increased with higher inhibitor concentrations.

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF BASIC SEMEN QUALITY PARAMETERS IN STALLIONS WITH POTENTIAL RELEVANCE TO CRYOPRESERVATION

Jozef Berčík — 2026-09-24

The aim of this preliminary study was to characterize basic semen quality parameters in stallions and to assess their potential relevance to semen cryopreservation. Semen samples were collected from five stallions of different breeds: two stallions of the Slovak national breed Norik of Muráň aged 13 and 20 years (Jantár, Nerot), two stallions of the Slovak national breed Hucul aged 11 and 19 years (Gurgul, Oušor) and one stallion of the Czech national breed Norik Silesian (Reny) aged 5 years. The collected samples were analysed using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) and flow cytometry. Total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM) and sperm functional parameters, including viability, apoptosis (YO-PRO-1) and acrosomal integrity (PNA AF647), were evaluated.

The results showed individual variability among stallions. The highest semen quality was observed in Hucul breed stallions Gurgul and Oušor, with TM values ranging from 85 to 88 % and PM - from 72 to 73 %. In contrast, the stallion Reny exhibited the lowest motility (TM - 48 %, PM - 31 %) and reduced viability. Flow cytometry confirmed that higher motility corresponded with a higher proportion of live (42-87 %) and viable (38-56 %) spermatozoa. However, increased levels of early apoptosis were detected in some stallions with otherwise favourable parameters, indicating possible sublethal cellular damage. The proportion of sperm with damaged acrosomes remained below 2 % in all samples.

In conclusion, the Hucul breed stallions Gurgul and Oušor showed the most favourable sperm quality profiles in this preliminary assessment, suggesting potential suitability for further evaluation of semen cryopreservation, while the Norik Silesian stallion Reny exhibited parameters indicating poor cryopreservation potential. The combination of CASA and flow cytometry provided complementary information on sperm motility, viability and cellular integrity; however, further studies including post-thaw assessment and fertility data are required to determine their predictive value for cryotolerance and reproductive outcome.

BIOPROSPECTING OF PENICILLIUM GENUS SOIL MICROFUNGI FOR PRAVASTATIN PRODUCTION

Emine Seydametova — 2026-08-07

Pravastatin is an effective cholesterol-lowering agent currently produced based on a two-step fermentation process, involving the initial production of compactin (mevastatin) and its subsequent microbial biotransformation to pravastatin. The development of a one-step fermentation process using active strains of pravastatin-producing microfungi could be a more attractive approach. Therefore, the isolation of novel fungal strains from different natural sources and their screening for pravastatin production has gained increasing importance. In this study, Penicillium genus soil microfungi were isolated from little-explored oil palm plantations. The cultures were cultivated in submerged fermentation followed by screening for pravastatin production using high-performance liquid chromatography. The selected pravastatin-producing fungal isolate was identified to species level based on cultural and morphological characteristics and using Biolog microbial identification system. As a result, 30 soil samples from 10 sampling sites in oil palm plantations of different ages were collected and examined. A total of 34 Penicillium genus isolates were recovered from these soils. From the tested fungal cultures, the isolate Penicillium sp. ESF21 was able to produce pravastatin directly with a yield of 162.33 mg/l. This previously unknown wild-type pravastatin producer was identified as Penicillium brefeldianum ESF21.

HEPATOPROTECTIVE, ANTIOXIDANT, AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF EPHEDRA ALATA EXTRACT AGAINST BIFENTHRIN-INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY IN RATS

Brahim Benaicha — 2026-09-21

This study aimed to evaluation the ameliorative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemical detoxifying properties of Ephedra alata extract (EAE) in relation to bifenthrin-induced liver damage. Adult male rats (180-220 g) were divided into four groups (10 rats per group) and underwent oral therapy for a duration of 30 days as detailed below: (1) Normal control; (2) Healthy subjects received EAE (120 mg/kg/day) in maize oil; (3) Healthy subjects were administered bifenthrin (8 mg/kg/day) in maize oil; (4) Subjects were orally delivered EAE one hour before bifenthrin exposure. The findings demonstrated that bifenthrin administration in the subjects led to substantial elevations in serum levels of LDH, ASAT, and ALAT, as well as increased hepatic inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), an apoptotic marker (Casp-3), and oxidative stress indicators (NO and MDA), alongside a marked reduction in hepatic antioxidant markers (GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPx) relative to the normal control group. The administration of EAE prior to bifenthrin markedly ameliorated the previously described compromised parameters, nearing control values; furthermore, the extract substantially altered the liver histological structure. In summary, Ephedra alata extract demonstrates promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and detoxifying effects against bifenthrin-induced liver damage in a rat model.

ENHANCED APOPTOSIS VIA AKT/P53 AND CELL CYCLE ARREST VIA CYCLIN MODULATION IN HT-29 CELLS BY BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS SUPERNATANT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH LYSATE

Yeganeh Marandi Tabar — 2026-08-07

Bacteroides fragilis, a common member of the human gut microbiome, has recently get attention for its potential anti-cancer effects and its promise as a next-generation probiotic. In this study, we evaluated the impact of B. fragilis supernatant and lysate on human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells. Cytotoxic effects were measured using the MTT assay, while changes in gene expression (including cyclins, apoptotic markers, and AKT) were analyzed using real-time PCR. Additionally, flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis and alterations in cell cycle progression. Results showed a time-dependent reduction in cell viability, with the supernatant consistently showing a stronger effect than the lysate. Flow cytometry analysis revealed increased apoptosis and significant accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase, particularly after 48 hours of treatment. Gene expression analysis further confirmed upregulation of pro-apoptotic markers (Caspase-9, Caspase-2, p53, and p21) and downregulation of cyclins and the anti-apoptotic gene AKT. These findings suggest that B. fragilis extracts—especially the supernatant—can induce apoptosis and disrupt cell cycle progression in colorectal cancer cells. This highlights the potential of utilizing bacterial secretomes as the therapeutic potential in cancer treatment.

A NOVEL STUDY ON GENETIC DIVERSITY OF IRANIAN MUSTARD SEEDS AND SOME CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THEIR OILS

Morteza Adeli Milani — 2026-08-07

This novel study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of Iranian mustard seeds and some chemical properties of their oils. Genetic diversity was carried out using trnH-psbA sequences. A phylogenic tree was constructed after sequencing. The chemical compositions of seeds and analytical characteristics of seed oils were determined. Results indicated that PCR products of samples had different patterns and their sequences (MK328472, MK328473) didn’t have 100% identity with related sequences. Samples contained 32.08% and 33.98% oil, respectively. The protein content of samples was in the range of 29.87% and 30.43%. Although mustard seed samples were collected from two different regions of Iran, their investigated chemical compositions were similar (P> 0.05). Acid values of oils were 0.70 and 0.55 mg KOH/g oil, with peroxide values of 2.92 and 3.27 meq O2/kg oil, respectively. The oxidative stability indices were 4.12 and 4.32 hours (p˃0.05). The types and amounts of fatty acids in the oil samples were similar (p˃0.05) and they were rich in unsaturated fatty acids (88.06% and 89.13%), and low contents of saturated fatty acids (10.87% and 11.94%) were observed. Despite the similarities in chemical properties, two samples were not the same in molecular specifications. It seems that they probably belonged to new species/subspecies of the Brassica spp. As future work, it is recommended to investigate the application of Iranian mustard seed or its derivatives in food products.

COMPARISON OF HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN LATE-GESTATION SINGLE-BEARING AND TWIN-BEARING ILE DE FRANCE EWES

Tomáš Kanka — 2026-09-11

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fetal number on selected haematological and biochemical blood parameters in late-gestation Ile de France ewes. A total of 40 clinically healthy ewes aged 2–5 years, with an average body weight of 68.0 ± 3.58 kg, were included in the experiment. All ewes were between days 110 and 130 of gestation. Based on ultrasonographic examination, the animals were divided into two groups: ewes carrying a single fetus (n = 20) and ewes carrying twin fetuses (n = 20). The independent samples Student's t-test for comparison of group means was used.

Biochemical analysis revealed significant differences between the experimental groups. Ewes carrying a single fetus exhibited significantly higher concentrations of total protein, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose, creatinine, calcium, and iron (P ≤ 0.001). In addition, higher white blood cell, lymphocyte, and granulocyte counts were observed in this group. Conversely, ewes carrying twin fetuses showed significantly higher concentrations of globulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), phosphorus, haemoglobin, and platelet counts (P ≤ 0.001).

Twin pregnancy markedly affected several metabolic and haematological indicators. Elevated concentrations of BHB and NEFA in twin-bearing ewes indicate increased mobilisation of body fat reserves and the development of a negative energy balance during late gestation.

ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM LEAVES OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI AND PSIDIUM GUAJAVA AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS

Rahul Nayak — 2026-08-07

Candida albicans, inhabits the urogenital and gastrointestinal tract as a commensal yeast and its growth is limited by the action of immune system. Plant-derived natural products play a vital role in pharmaceutical field, since substantial quantity of contemporary medicines are obtained either from naturally occurring molecules or their byproducts. With this background, Syzygium cumini and Psidium guajava have been selected for the present investigation. We explored whether essential oils (EOs) from leaves of S. cumini and P. guajava can hinder the harmful behaviors of C. albicans, a pathogen that often takes advantage of weakened immune systems. The EOs derived from the leaves of S. cumini and P. guajava were extracted by hydro-distillation method and main components were analyzed using GC–MS. Sub-MIC concentrations of EOs were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the EOs against biofilm formation and hyphal transition of C. albicans. The most dominant components in S. cumini were identified as α-Cadinol (24.33%), Naphthalene (13.878%), Spathulenol (12.47%) and in case of. P. guajava oil, Caryophyllene oxide (36.09%), β-Nerolidol (23.40%), Epoxy farnesol (4.12%), Humulene epoxide (3.89%) and α-Cadinol (3.65%) were identified as major components. In a sub-lethal concentration (4% and 8% v/V), essential oil blocked the hyphal transition, a major virulence factor of C. albicans. The results demonstrated that EOs of the selected plants were able to reduce biofilm formation by as much as 50%, with the effect increasing in a dose-dependent fashion. The molecular docking studies reveal that the dominant compounds had considerable binding affinities against adhesin. These findings indicate that both EOs might possess the capacity to inhibit the growth and colonization of C. albicans, highlighting potential usage for a range of antifungal applications.

BACILLUS SP. FROM POUZOLZIA ZEYLANICA: A PROMISING SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANTS OPTIMIZED FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Trang Thi Xuan Dai — 2026-09-21

Endophytic bacteria are increasingly being considered as precious sources of bioactive metabolites with diverse antioxidant properties, offering significant potential for medical and food applications. This study focused on identifying and characterizing antioxidant-producing endophytes from Pouzolzia zeylanica, a traditional herbal medicine commonly used in the Mekong Delta. A total of 26 endophytic bacterial strains were screened for antioxidant activity, and Bacillus sp. PZ-R1 emerged as the most promising candidate. The secondary metabolites of this strain were extracted using ethyl acetate and optimized for antioxidant compound production using response surface methodology. The optimized fermentation conditions for antioxidant metabolite production were: 28.37 g/L glucose, an initial pH of 7.89, a temperature of 31.36°C, and an incubation period of 45.09 hours Under these conditions, the strain produced remarkable antioxidant metrics, including total phenol content (71.69 mg GAE/mL), total flavonoid content (93.61 mg QE/mL), total antioxidant capacity (184.44 mg AAE/mL), reducing power (266.59 mg AAE/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power activity (91.01 mg AAE/mL). These findings underscore the remarkable potential of endophytic bacteria from P. zeylanica as a source of bioactive metabolites, paving the way for further research into their practical applications in the health and food industries.

TNF-α-308 G/A POLYMORPHISM AS A GENETIC DETERMINANT OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND CRYPTOSPORIDIUM CO-INFECTION

Sukaina Rahman Neamah — 2026-08-04

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in host defence against gastrointestinal pathogens. This study investigated the association between the TNF-α −308 G>A (rs1800629) polymorphism and susceptibility to concurrent Helicobacter pylori and Cryptosporidium infection in an Iraqi population. A hospital-based case-control study included 100 unrelated Iraqi Arabs comprising 50 patients with confirmed co-infection and 50 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using Tetra-Primer ARMS-PCR, and associations were analysed using logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. The control group conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p = 0.716). The AA genotype was significantly more frequent among co-infected patients than controls (28.0% vs. 4.0%; adjusted OR = 8.10, 95% CI: 2.95–22.24; p < 0.001), whereas the GA genotype showed no significant association. The A allele was associated with increased odds of co-infection (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.52–5.60; p = 0.0008), and the recessive model demonstrated the strongest association (OR = 9.33; p < 0.001).

These findings provide novel evidence that the TNF-α −308 A allele is associated with increased odds of H. pylori and Cryptosporidium co-infection, highlighting the role of host genetic variation in polymicrobial gastrointestinal disease.

PREVALENCE AND AMINOGLYCOSIDE RESISTANCE PATTERN OF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII ISOLATED FROM HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Adeel Shahid — 2026-08-18

Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative bacterium which poses a major public health threat responsible for severe and invasive infection (mostly nosocomial) associated with high mortality rate. The multidrug resistant (MDR) poses a main clinical issue specifically due to its increasingly resistance to antibiotics such as aminoglycosides. The study was aimed to isolate A. baumannii from different source of clinical specimen and evaluate their antimicrobial resistance pattern against aminoglycosides. The study was conducted from November 2023 to May 2024 and 85 clinical samples were processed including blood (in culture bottles), wound swab, urine (in catheters). Samples were analyzed on Blood agar, CLED agar, L-agar and then incubated at 34⁰C for 24hours. Gram staining was to differentiate bacteria and gram-negative isolates were biochemically analyzed. A. baumannii was confirmed by citrate positive, catalase positive and oxidase, indole negativity. Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method was used to asses antimicrobial susceptibility testing on Muller Hinton agar and results were analyzed according to CLSI guidelines. The frequency of A. baumannii was 36.47% with men having slightly higher rates (55%) than females (45%). The most common source of isolates was urine (54%) followed by wound swab (25%) and blood (19%). The resistance pattern for aminoglycosides was streptomycin (70.96%), amikacin (51.66%) neomycin (45.16%), gentamycin (35.48%) and tobramycin (32.25%). The findings highlight the critical necessity for ongoing antimicrobial resistance monitoring and implementation of appropriate antibiotic stewardship policies in healthcare settings to minimize the development of A baumannii.

SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES AS ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF BIOSYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, MECHANISMS AND APPLICATIONS

Husham Ali mehdi — 2026-08-18

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) show significant promise as antifungal agents because of their unique physicochemical properties, high bioavailability, and lower toxicity compared with conventional selenium forms. This critical review comprehensively analyzes the extensive literature on SeNPs biosynthesis, characterization, precise mechanisms of action, and diverse in vivo applications. The review synthesizes data from chemical, physical, and biological synthesis approaches using fungi, bacteria, actinobacteria, and various plant extracts. Key characterization techniques (UV-Vis, TEM, SEM, XRD, DLS, and zeta potential) are critically evaluated to confirm nanoparticle formation, morphology, size, crystallinity, and colloidal stability. SeNPs have been reported to exert strong antifungal effects partly through inducing oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupting fungal cell membranes, and interfering with essential cellular processes. The crucial influence of particle size, surface charge, and surface coating on antifungal efficacy is thoroughly discussed. In vivo studies indicate that SeNPs can reduce fungal disease severity in plants by up to 90%, improve growth, and enhance antioxidant parameters in animal models. However, critical appraisal reveals recurring methodological shortcomings, including incomplete physicochemical characterization, lack of accurate concentration measurements (ICP-MS), and limited safety assessments. The review concludes with evidence-based recommendations for standardized protocols to facilitate the translation of SeNPs into reliable agricultural and medical applications.

MICROBIAL DIVERSITY OF FERMENTED SEAFOOD PRODUCTS FROM MUNCAR, BANYUWANGI: INSIGHTS FROM 16S RRNA METABARCODING FOR BIOPROSPECTING AND FOOD SAFETY

Almando Geraldi — 2026-08-07

Fermented seafood products such as petis, salted fish, and terasi are integral to Indonesian cuisine, yet their bacterial community structures remain underexplored. This study utilized 16S rRNA-based metabarcoding to identify the microbial diversity in these products from Muncar, one of the largest fishing ports in Indonesia. The analysis revealed dominant genera, including Ligilactobacillus, Kocuria, Weissella, and Staphylococcus, many of which possess significant biotechnological potential. Notably, we identified bacteria capable of producing industrially valuable enzymes and metabolites, along with probiotic genera (Limosilactobacillus, Weissella) that have applications in food biotechnology. Conversely, opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Cutibacterium acnes, and Enterococcus faecalis were detected, highlighting the need for improved hygiene practices. By linking microbial biodiversity to both bioprospecting opportunities and food safety challenges, this work advances the understanding of traditional fermentation ecosystems while providing actionable insights for optimizing food quality and safety in artisanal production.

DETECTION AND DISCRIMINATION OF VIRULENT AND AVIRULENT NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS STRAINS IN CHICKENS IN BANGLADESH USING F-GENE-BASED RRT-PCR

Dilruba Yasmin — 2026-08-07

Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic to Bangladesh and causes significant morbidity and mortality in chickens. Virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are mainly responsible for frequent outbreaks in chickens. Real-time reverse-transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) is the most reliable confirmatory test for primary screening of NDV, which detects the matrix gene of NDV. However, the matrix gene-based rRT-PCR assay is not capable of distinguishing between virulent and avirulent NDV strains.

This study evaluated the performance of F-gene-based rRT-PCR assay to discriminate virulent NDV from an avirulent virus in a single test.

To detect NDV strains, tracheal swabs were collected from clinically sick poultry and dead chickens respectively. We used a F-gene based real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) to discriminate between virulent and avirulent NDV strains. Further partial sequencing of the fusion (F) gene was performed for phylogenetic analysis of the selected virulent NDV strains.

A total of 262 commercial chickens and 94 hilly chickens were sampled. Out of the samples tested, 56 (15.7%, 95% CI: 12.1-19.9) were confirmed to have NDV. Among the NDV positive chicken samples, 38 samples (67.9%, 95% CI: 54.0 – 79.7) tested positive for virulent NDV strains and 18 samples (32.1%, 95% CI: 20.3 – 46.0) for avirulent NDV strains. The phylogenetic analysis of the F-gene based sequences showed that the isolated virulent NDV strains were closely related to the previously identified NDV strains isolated from Bangladesh and India in the recent past.

The F-genes based rRT-PCR in a single test using two probes was found to be efficient to discriminate virulent and avirulent NDV. Rapid detection and differentiation of virulent NDV can importantly contribute to local public health through an improved disease surveillance outbreak response, and reporting to WOAH. This approach may also support the development of more effective vaccination strategies in Bangladesh, helping to reduce the impact of Newcastle disease in both commercial and native hilly chicken populations.

ADAPTATION OF SALMONELLA WELTEVREDEN AND SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM TO DIFFERENT FOOD MATRICES AND TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS

Vankadari Aditya — 2026-08-05

Foodborne pathogens like Salmonella pose a significant threat to public health due to their ability to survive across diverse temperatures and food matrices. This study investigated the survival and virulence gene expression of Salmonella Weltevreden and Salmonella Typhimurium in four food matrices (fish, shrimp, chicken, and sprouts) stored at 37°C, 4°C, and -20°C. Samples were spiked with both serovars, and their growth and gene expression were monitored over three days using quantitative real-time PCR. Both strains demonstrated the ability to survive and adapt across the tested conditions. Notably, S. Weltevreden exhibited significantly more virulence gene expression in shrimp under cold storage than in other food matrices, suggesting enhanced pathogenic potential in specific food environments. Despite its limited duration, this study highlights the resilience of Salmonella in varied storage conditions and underscores the need for stringent food safety protocols and further research into long-term survival and gene regulation.

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROBIOTIC POTENTIAL OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AND THEIR APPLICATION IN BIOFILM ERADICATION OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA PA01

Jahanvee Chanpura — 2026-08-07

Probiotic microorganisms were isolated from fermented curd, idli batter, lentils, human milk, and healthy infants’ faecal matter. A total of 27 isolates were screened for acid and bile tolerance, with 12 isolates showing resistance to low pH and bile and nine isolates indicating significant viability during gastro-intestinal simulation. They were further investigated for probiotic properties where isolate B33 (from idli batter) with 66.57 ± 0.05% autoaggregation potential, isolate D25 (from curd) with 93.25 ± 0.60% hydrophobicity, and 75.25 ± 0.21% biofilm-forming potential were observed as significant isolates. Some isolates have shown positive lipolytic, amylolytic, and proteolytic activity and all the isolates have shown negative hemolytic and gelatinase activity. Antibiotic resistance was also analysed using the disc diffusion method, wherein isolates B11, B32, and B34 were most resistant to eight antibiotics. The antibacterial properties of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of isolates were determined against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella Typhimurium by agar well diffusion method, wherein isolates B11, B32, D25, and B34 showed high antibacterial activity. Potential probiotic isolates D25 and B11 were identified using the 16S rRNA sequencing method, and they were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus, respectively. Application of their CFS (20 µL) for biofilm eradication was also studied on the biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 by 96-well microtiter plate assay, where isolate D25 showed 65 ± 0.20% biofilm eradication. The study suggested that both isolates were potential probiotics and could be applied in food preparation, animal feed, or the pharmaceutical industry.

IMPACT OF STARTER CULTURES ON LIPID OXIDATION AND FATTY ACID PROFILE OF PORK MEAT MATURATION

Hasmik Grigoryan — 2026-09-11

The preservation and proper maturation of pork meat remain critical challenges for the food industry, requiring effective "hurdle technologies" to inhibit pathogens and prevent quality deterioration. This study evaluates the impact of different starter cultures – specifically Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus 20-12, Lactobacillus plantarum 66 (MDC 9619) and the commercially used BactoFlavor® BFL-T0 on lipid oxidation, fatty acid (FA) profile, and the safety of matured pork meat. Experimental results demonstrated that L. rhamnosus 20-12 significantly improved the lipid profile, reaching a peak of oleic acid (C18:1) concentration up to 44.27% during maturation period. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was employed to provide a molecular foundation for these technological benefits. Genomic analysis via KEGG's GhostKOALA revealed a complete repertoire of fatty acid biosynthesis enzymes (modules M00082 and M00083), while a manual search identified a redundant antioxidant defense system comprising multiple peroxidases and six distinct NADH oxidases. Furthermore, BAGEL4 and antiSMASH analyses identified a sophisticated antimicrobial arsenal, including a Class II multi-peptide bacteriocin cluster (containing Enterocin X, LSEI_2386, and Carnocin_CP52) and a RiPP-like biosynthetic gene cluster on contig 58. The accumulation of beneficial oleic acid and the maintenance of oxidative stability are supported by a robust genetic investment in lipid metabolism, while ensuring potent Anti-Listerial activity suggesting a genomic potential for these observed technological benefits. Additionally, Type III Polyketide Synthase (T3PKS) and terpene-precursor clusters suggest potential roles in the production of flavor precursors and oxidative protection. The accumulation of beneficial oleic acid and the maintenance of oxidative stability are supported by a robust genetic investment in lipid metabolism (KEGG modules M00082 and M00083) and a redundant antioxidant defense system comprising multiple peroxidases and NADH oxidases. This multidisciplinary study demonstrates that integrating traditional food science with WGS analysis offers a definitive framework for selecting high-performance starter cultures to produce safer, "clean-label," and nutritionally enriched matured pork meat products.

EFFECT OF SMOKING AND FRYING ON NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF FOUR SPECIES OF FISH COMMONLY CONSUMED IN BENIN

Martinien Hospice Mahussi ASSOGBA — 2026-08-07

Fatty acids are vital for human health. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of processing and preservation processes on nutritional quality. Thus, 60 fish samples were used for fatty acids quantification through Gas Chromatography coupled with a Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). It appears that total lipid contents were higher when fresh fish were fried in Coptodon guineensis and in Sarotherodon melanotheron than fresh, fried and smoked fish. The dominant saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were respectively Palmitic and oleic acids. In Trachurus trachurus, Coptodon guineensis and Sarotherodon melanotheron, smoking significantly (p<0.05) reduced polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels compared to fresh samples. Similarly, frying fresh fish lowered PUFA levels in brackish water species. All the fish had high linoleic acid levels after frying. DHA and EPA acids were higher in marine fish. DHA was higher in fresh Coptodon guineensis, Trachurus trachurus and Scomber scombrus. In all species DHA and EPA contents dropped after frying. Smoked marine fish showed a high level of DHA and EPA. The ratio H/H not exceeding 2 were obtained in smoked Scomber scombrus and fried Scomber scombrus. By contrast, the lowest atherogenicity index was obtained in fried Trachurus trachurus (0.35). Likewise, smoked Trachurus trachurus and Scomber scombrus had low thrombogenicity indices. Coptodon guineensis and Trachurus trachurus had higher Peroxidability Indices while all the fried fish had the lowest values. The control of variation parameters of essential fatty acids during the processes would guarantee a better nutritional quality to the consumer.

SCREENING OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF SAFFRON PLANT (CROCUS SATIVUS L.)

Iliass Lahmass — 2026-08-18

Saffron is a plant classified in the spice family. This plant and its by-products have been documented for their diverse array of biological effects, including anti-proliferative and antioxidant capacities.

This study aimed to assess the biological impact of saffron by-products by analyzing the total phenol content in methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of five Crocus sativus by-products, specifically tepals, tunics, spaths, corms, stigmas, and leaves. Soxhlet extraction was employed to determine the biological activities of extracts from different parts of the plant. Antioxidant activity was assessed using a quantitative DPPH assay and a β-carotene linoleate model system. Additionally, the antiproliferative activity of our extracts was gauged through an MTT assay on human malignant cells, specifically U373 and A549.

Our findings demonstrated that various extracts from the Crocus plant exhibited substantial antioxidant activity, actively scavenging free radicals (Corms extracts showed highest activity 65%) and extracts of stigmas demonstrated an effective reduction of β-carotene oxidation 40%. Moreover, the plant extracts displayed a significant capacity to diminish cancer cell viability and impede the proliferation of U373 (Green leaves 10.6% of control growth) and A549 cells (36.8% was achieved with the tunics extract) in a concentration-dependent manner.

In this study, the extracts manifested both antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Consequently, further investigations are warranted to explore additional biological properties of this widely utilized spice.

VALORIZATION OF RED RICE WINE LEES AS A PARTIAL WHEAT FLOUR SUBSTITUTE IN SANDWICH BREAD: EFFECTS ON NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS

Nguyen Minh Thuy — 2026-09-21

Red rice wine lees (RRWL) were obtained following alcoholic fermentation. The lees were totally de-alcoholicized and dried to preserve the nutrients and beneficial components that remained in them. The RRWL powder was then used as a partial replacement for wheat flour (5, 10, 15, 20%, and control sample) in sandwich bread production. The particle size distribution reveals that the smallest particle size (6.54 μm) has the largest dispersion (57.18%) and larger particle sizes exhibit narrower dispersion. Replacing 15% of the wheat flour in the recipe with RRWL powder produced sandwich bread of greater quality (increased protein, lipid, ash, fiber, and bioactive compounds). Scanning electron microscopy pictures indicated substantial variations in bread crumb microstructure between control bread (100% wheat flour) and bread with 15% wheat flour replaced by RRWL powder. These microscopic changes offer a structural explanation for the deterioration of technological qualities such as reduced specific volume and increased bread crumb hardness. The research on the effective use of this by-product has enhanced the quality of sandwich bread, bringing it in line with the trend of reducing gluten in human food and, ultimately, aiming for the objective of constructing a circular economy, which many countries across the world are pursuing.

IMPACT OF DIFFERENT SEED POWDER INCLUSION ON THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF WHEAT DOUGH

Zlatica Kohajdová — 2026-08-07

In this study, the rheological properties of flour blends consisting of wheat flour and seed derived powder (chia, hemp, and flax) were evaluated by Farinograph and Mixolab devices.

It was found that inclusion of these alternative raw materials significantly increased water absorption (from 51.86 to 61.10%) and prolonged dough development time (from 3.00 to 6.60 min) of blends. Moreover, it was determined that blends consisting chia were presented with markedly higher C2, C3, C4, and C5 values than commercially produced wheat flour and blends including hemp and flax seed powder. The correlation analysis confirmed the existence of strong positive correlations (ranging between r = 0.896 - 0.970) among the attributes water absorption, dough development time, and dough stability measured by both Farinograph and Mixolab devices. Principal component analysis visualized data in space with 2 principal components that together explained more than 86% of total variability of the original data set and separated samples according to type of non-cereal material in the flour blends.

EFFECT OF BAKERY-TYPE FOOD MATRICES AND THERMAL PROCESSING ON ELISA QUANTIFICATION OF CASHEW ALLERGEN ANA O 3

Lucia Zelenakova — 2026-09-28

The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of cashew kernel processing, baking conditions, and food matrix type on the detectability of cashew allergens and, consequently, on the reliability of commercial ELISA kits used for allergen quantification in processed foods. The experimental design compared two baking regimes applied to muffin matrices (170 °C for 23 min and 200 °C for 18 min) with a non-thermal matrix represented by model raw bars. Cashew kernels subjected to three processing treatments (native, roasted, and blanched) were incorporated into the matrices using the geometric dilution method at nominal concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg. The results demonstrated that moisture loss during baking substantially increased the concentration of matrix solids (5.83% evaporation at 170 °C and 8.58% at 200 °C), highlighting the need for mathematical correction of allergen concentrations. Samples baked at 170 °C exhibited matrix-induced enhancement of the analytical signal and, in several cases, saturation of the assay response (ULOQ), likely due to partial protein denaturation and increased exposure of Ana o 3 epitopes. In contrast, baking at 200 °C resulted in pronounced signal suppression, with recoveries decreasing to 14.5% at 50 mg/kg of roasted cashew, a pattern consistent with extensive protein aggregation and epitope masking potentially associated with Maillard reaction products, as reported in previous studies. In the non-thermal matrix, preservation of the native protein structure led predominantly to signal enhancement and rapid saturation of the immunoassay response. Overall, the findings demonstrate that both thermal processing conditions and matrix composition substantially influence ELISA performance, potentially leading to either overestimation or underestimation of cashew allergen levels in processed food.

EFFECT OF ENZYMATICALLY MODIFIED PUMPKIN FLOUR ON THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF WHITE BREAD

Erica Nur Listyani — 2026-09-28

Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) flour contains valuable nutrients and bioactive compounds but has limited application in bread-making due to its interference with gluten structure and water absorption. To address this, enzymatic modification using α-amylase was applied to improve its functional properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of substituting wheat flour with native and enzymatically modified pumpkin flour on the physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of white bread. Five bread formulations were prepared: control (100% wheat flour), 5% and 10% substitution with native pumpkin flour, and 5% and 10% with enzymatically modified pumpkin flour. Results showed that the bread with 5% enzymatically modified pumpkin flour (A2B1) exhibited optimal bread volume, moisture retention, crumb structure, and sensory acceptance. Increased substitution improved ash and fat content but reduced brightness and volume. The study concludes that enzymatically modified pumpkin flour is a promising functional ingredient for enhancing bread quality while utilizing local agricultural resources. These findings have practical implications for improving bread quality through the utilization of locally available pumpkin flour and support further innovation in composite flour technology.

IMPACT OF UV-C RADIATION ON THE SENSORY PROPERTIES OF RED WINES

Marko Duvančić — 2026-08-18

This pilot study investigated the influence of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation on the sensory properties of two red wine varieties, Dunaj from Slovakia and Lasina Crna from Croatia. The wines were exposed to three UV-C treatments and were compared to the untreated control samples using sensory evaluation, electronic eye color analysis. Descriptive sensory scoring showed a clear varietal response: Dunaj showed improved color scores in all treated variants and a slight aroma improvement after the longest exposure, whereas Lasina Crna showed reduced aroma quality and lower color intensity after shorter treatments. Electronic eye analysis confirmed strong varietal differentiation as well; principal component analysis (PCA) based on chromatic variables explained 98.46% of the total variance by PC1 and 1.2% by PC2. The initial alcohol and total acid contents were 12.45% and 4.90 g/L for Lasina Crna and 13.60% and 4.55 g/L for Dunaj variety confirming that selected wines represented different matrices for UV-C treatment evaluation. The results indicate that UV-C treatment may be useful for selected red wine matrices, but the treatment should be optimised separately for each variety due to the some exposure could negatively affect aroma and color quality of red wines.

OPTIMIZING TOMATO GROWTH AND YIELD THROUGH THE INTEGRATED APPLICATION OF AZOLLA PINNATA AND SYNTHETIC FERTILIZERS

Bharat Gowda — 2026-09-21

Increased dependence on chemical fertilizers has raised concerns over reduced soil health and increased environmental degradation. Options that reduce the dependence on chemical fertilizers without affecting the quality and quantity of the yield have gained importance. Azolla pinnata, a nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, proves to be a viable alternative in that concern. This study was set out to examine how well A.pinnata works as a sustainable alternative, both by itself and in combination with synthetic fertilizers, to improve tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield while lowering the dependence on chemical fertilizers. A study was conducted to examine the effect of the combined application of Azolla pinnata and chemical fertilizers from March 2024 to Jun 2024 at JSS AHER, Mysore, Karnataka. This study examined the effects of eight treatments on tomato plants, which included a control group with no fertilizers, 100% synthetic fertilizers, and various combinations of A. pinnata and synthetic fertilizers. Plant growth parameters, along with fruit number and fruit weight, were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of each treatment. The best results were obtained with T₆ in increased plant height of 64.02 cm, a leaf area index of 1.52, an average of 33.01 fruits per plant, and a fruit weight of 50.16 g when 50% NPK and 50% A. pinnata were applied together. he results indicate that partial replacement of synthetic fertilizer with Dry A. pinnata biomass produced comparable responses for selected growth and yield components under the conditions of the present experiment. The results highlight A. pinnata's potential for sustainable farming and lessen the negative effects of chemical fertilizers.

ENHANCING DRYING EFFICIENCY FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA RETZ.: IMPACT OF PRE-TREATMENTS

Preeti Chaudhary — 2026-08-07

Terminalia chebula Retz. (Harar) is an important medicinal fruit, known for its antioxidant and phenolic constituents. But due to the high moisture content and hygroscopic nature of the fruits, drying techniques are required for retention of bioactives, superior quality and microbial safety and prolonged storage.

The fruits were taken as whole and sliced and were treated with salt roasting, hot water blanching, sulphur fumigation, and dipping in sodium hydroxide and ethyl oleate. After pre-treatments, whole and sliced fruits were tray and solar dried and were utilized for evaluating physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties.

Among drying methods, whole and slice fruits got dehydrated in 22-44 hours under controlled thermal exposure i.e., in tray drying compared to 38-76 hours over solar drying. Whole fruits (T₁₀) dipped in ethyl oleate dried rapidly due to increased microscopic pores in cuticle, allowing rapid diffusion of moisture and retained 445.26 mg/100 g phenolics, 17.03 mg/100 g ascorbic acid and 93.96% antioxidants. For evaluating the storage stability, fruits packed in aluminium pouches recorded 65% equilibrium relative humidity (ERH), indicating aluminium as a barrier to oxygen, light and moisture.

Ethyl oleate (EO) breaks the waxy cuticle and help moisture to remove rapidly in mechanical tray drying. Hermetic packaging also keeps the product safe from microbial and insect attack as well as prevents degradation of pigments, making the product suitable for prolonged storage. Further, studies are required to provide mechanistic validation for the industrial production of high-quality medicinal fruits for food and pharmaceutical sectors.

EFFECT OF TRADITIONAL KALIO AND RENDANG SLOW-COOKING PROCESSES ON THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF RED KIDNEY BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)

Surya Aulia H — 2026-08-18

Red kidney bean kalio and rendang are popular traditional Indonesian foods traditionally prepared through prolonged slow-cooking. However, information on the nutritional changes occurring in red kidney beans during the production of these products remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in proximate composition, soluble dietary fiber (SDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), total dietary fiber (TDF), pepsin digestibility, and amino acid profiles during traditional processing into kalio and rendang. The proximate composition changed significantly during processing. Moisture contents of raw beans, kalio and rendang were 16.60%, 55.60%, 41.69%, respectively, while ash contents were 4.25%, 2.25%, 3.65%. Protein content decreased from 24.11% in raw beans to 12.97% in kalio and increased to 14.18% in rendang, whereas fat content decreased from 2.46% to 1.26% and subsequently increased to 5.34%. Carbohydrate content decreased from 52.58% in raw beans to 27.92% in kalio and 35.14% in rendang. On a dry-weight basis, SDF changed from 5.28% in raw beans to 4.56% in kalio and 5.86% in rendang, while IDF increased from 12.57% to 14.67% and 15.89%, respectively, resulting in an increase in TDF from 17.85% to 19.23% and 21.75%. Pepsin digestibility increased from 49.15% in raw beans to 56.05% in kalio and subsequently decreased to 52.62% in rendang. The amino acid profiles of all samples showed a predominance of non-essential amino acids, with methionine identified as the primary limiting amino acid. These findings provide a basis for future studies evaluating functional properties and potential health benefits of kidney bean kalio and rendang.