IN-VITRO PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES AND CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES EITHER SINGLY OR LOADED WITH CIPROFLOXACIN ANTIBIOTIC AS NANODRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Abstract

Engineered nanomaterials have been used increasingly in the medecinal field to improve drug delivery efficacy in the healthcare field because of their unique physicochemical characteristics. In the current study, chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were synthesized by polymerization of methacrylic acid in chitosan solution. Meanwhile, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) were synthesized by using the hot homogenization method. Chitosan nanoparticles and solid lipid nanoparticles either singly or loaded with ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic were characterized using morphological, physical, chemical, electrical and biological methods. Both chitosan nanoparticles and solid lipid nanoparticles had spherical shape meanwhile, the size was range from 50.96 nm to 108.42 nm for chitosan nanoparticles and 107 nm for solid lipid nanoparticles, and retained the properties of the drug after loading. The size of both nanomaterials was increased after loading with ciprofloxacin by 145.5% and 49.66 %, respectively. Both prepared nanomaterials offered controlled drug release after 12 hrs Antibacterial activity of solid lipid nanoparticles and chitosan nanoparticles either singly or loaded with ciprofloxacin was evaluated against Salmonella enteritidis as a Gram-ve bacterial strain. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each prepared nanodrugs against Salmonella enteritidis was determined as 0.0002 mg ml^-1 and the antibacterial effect of either nanomaterials, antibiotic singly or loaded with antibiotic as nanodrug delivery systems showed significant variable higher increase in inhibition rate of the pathogen. The following sequence of the treatment: CSNPs-CIP; 2.0 mg ml^-1 > SLNPs-CIP; 2.0 mg ml^-1 > control (CIP; 2.0 mg ml^-1) > SLNPs-CIP; 0.2 mg ml^-1 > CSNPs-CIP; 0.002 mg ml^-1 was displayed with respect to percent change inhibition effect on bacterial pathogen. In conclusion, we recommended an intensive work on the biosafety of using nanomaterials as nanodrug delivery systems for treatment of infectious diseases.