TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR MELTING ULCERS IN DOGS AND CATS

Abstract

Melting ulcers are rapidly progressive corneal ulcers associated with excessive proteolytic enzyme activity leading to degradation of stromal collagen. An imbalance between collagenases and their endogenous inhibitors results in accelerated breakdown of corneal tissue, often exacerbated by secondary infections. In dogs and cats, these ulcers represent a significant clinical challenge, particularly in brachycephalic breeds, which are predisposed due to their prominent sclera and reduced blink reflex. Without early intervention, melting ulcers often progress to corneal perforation, severe visual impairment, and in some cases, the need for enucleation. Given their severity, rapid progression, and poor prognosis, prompt and aggressive treatment is essential. Therapeutic options include intensive topical therapy, various surgical procedures, and novel techniques such as cross-linking, which aim to increase stromal resistance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these therapeutic strategies, discussing their benefits, limitations, and applicability in veterinary clinics, focusing on optimizing ocular health in dogs and cats.