MYCOPLASMOSIS IN POULTRY, A PERPETUAL PROBLEM

Abstract

Bacterial diseases are a huge concern for poultry farmers and cause huge economic losses to poultry industry every year. Various diseases can initiate respiratory signs in poultry, including mycoplasmosis. Mycoplasmosis is a major threat currently faced by poultry industry worldwide. In poultry main pathogenic species of Mycoplasma are Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. Mycoplasma is a worldwide avian pathogen that causes immense losses in the poultry industry by decreasing eggs production, reducing growth and increased condemnation at slaughter houses. Mycoplasma is a wall-less bacterium that causes chronic respiratory disease in all types of chickens. Mycoplasmosis is an egg transmitted, hatchery disseminated and economically very important disease of chickens. Commonly used methods for diagnosis of Mycoplasma include isolation and identification of bacteria, several serological tests and molecular techniques. Closely located poultry farms, rearing of mixed avian species in close milieus, mixed commercial poultry farming and presence of wild birds in close proximity to poultry farms have made this disease very difficult to control. The review summarized the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma, associated risk factors, diagnostic tools and control measures. Best measures to control Mycoplasmosis include biosecurity, hygiene, good management, monitoring and removal of infected flocks, routine vaccination and farmer awareness. To reduce the risk of transmission of disease to other poultry populations, there should be continued monitoring of flocks for Mycoplasma.