In vitro, REGULATION OF EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION BY Pistacia lentiscus L. TO MODULATE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN TYPE 2 DIABETICS

Recovery of intestinal flora in the restoration of EPS productivity.

Abstract

With the development of research, the intestinal microbiota has become known as the "second brain" a complementary organ for most metabolic, defensive reactions and an important intermediate in metabolic reactions. The study aims to investigate the potential of the methanolic extract of Pistacia lentiscus L. leaves to modulate the dominant flora in type 2 diabetic patients (DT2) compared to healthy subjects (Hs). The researchers conducted a comparative study between the dominant flora of stools of DT2 and Hs, analyzing the microbiological, molecular, and biological activity of the extract. Microbiologically, the study found a decrease in the quantity of lactobacilli and streptococci in DT2, and an inverse relationship between enterobacteria and streptococci in all microbiota. On the molecular side, the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) increased in beneficial Gram-positive bacteria and in Hs compared to DT2, but not in Gram-negative bacteria. A significant increase in hydrophobicity was recorded in Escherichia coli for DT2 and Clostridium sp. for Hs. The study also found that the methanolic extract of Pistacia lentiscus L. controls the production of EPS and hydrophobicity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on Escherichia coli and Clostridium of 2mg/mL. The extract allowed the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Streptococcus and Lactobacillus, which continued to produce EPS with variable and significant rates that helped them fix and establish a biofilm. The study suggests that P. lentiscus L. has the potential to in vitro modulate the dominant flora in DT2 to Hs, through an intermediate action on microbial EPS.