EXPLORATION OF EFFICIENCY OF NANO CALCIUM OXIDE (CaO) AS CATALYST FOR ENHANCEMENT OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

Muhammad Nor Fazli  Abd Malek; Livitra  Pushparaja; Noraini Mat  Hussin; Nurul Hajar  Embong; Prakash Bhuyar; Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim; Gaanty Pragas Maniam

doi:10.15414/jmbfs.3935

Authors

Muhammad Nor Fazli Abd Malek Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Livitra Pushparaja Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Noraini Mat Hussin Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Nurul Hajar Embong Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Prakash Bhuyar Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Gaanty Pragas Maniam Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.3935

Keywords:

cockle shell, nano CaO as heterogeneous catalyst, particle size, specific surface area, basicity strength, methyl ester yield

Abstract

Present work proposes on the synthesis of nano calcium oxide derived from waste cockle shell (Anadara granosa) and applied as heterogenous catalyst in biodiesel production via transesterification reaction under reaction parameter 15:1 methanol to oil ratio, 5 wt.% catalyst and 3 hour reation time and constant temperature at 65 ± 2 °C. The waste cockle shell was prepared in nano size via ball mill technique which was run for 36 hours at 350 rpm speed and then calcined at 900 °C for 2 hours to decompose calcium carbonate, CaCO₃ into nano calcium oxide, n-CaO. The catalyst was characterized by particle size analyzer, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Surface Area Analyser, X-Ray Diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared, Hammet indicator and benzoic acid titration. Particle size of n-CaO catalyst was found within the range of 29 nm to 67.5 nm. Specific surface area of synthesised n-CaO is 8.41 m²/g with basicity strength of 0.055 mmol/g. Methyl ester conversion of palm oil with n-CaO as a catalyst was 88.87 wt.%